Northern Europe is the northern part of the European continent. This region has been defined differently from time to time, but according to Countryaah, it includes:
The Nordic countries or Scandinavia, ie. Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, as well as the Åland Islands, the Faroe Islands and occasionally Greenland and Svalbard.
- DENMARK
- FINLAND
- GREENLAND (Denmark)
- ICELAND
- NORWAY
- SWEDEN
The Baltic countries, ie. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
- ESTONIA
- LATVIA
- LITHUANIA
The British Isles, ie. the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands – although their position in this region is uncertain.
BRITISH ISLANDS:
The British Isles are an archipelago off the northwest coast of Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Ireland as well as nearby islands. This archipelago consists of more than 6,000 islands and has a total land area of 315,134 km².
Politically, the archipelago is divided between two sovereign states (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) and three crown possessions (Man, Guernsey and Jersey).
- ENGLAND
- NORTHERN IRELAND
- REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
- SCOTLAND
- WALES
Other areas bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, e.g. northern Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northern Germany and northern France.
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland is a Nordic country in northern Europe bounded by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west. Sweden, Norway and Russia have a border with Finland.
Historically, Finland has been part of Sweden, and in the period 1809-1917 it was a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire. The Finnish Declaration of Independence from Russia in 1917 was followed by the Finnish Civil War, during which the left-wing side was defeated with the help of Germany.
TIMELINE:
Archeology. A British archeology student has found an approx. 5000 year old piece of chewing gum with clear tooth marks. The chewing gum is made from tar from birch bark and was found in a settlement from the Neolithic on the west coast of Finland. The tar contains phenol, which has a disinfectant effect and kills bacteria and fungi. In small doses, the drug also has an anesthetic effect. People from the Neolithic made the chewing gum by heating birch bark, from which they then extracted tar. The tar was then boiled, and when it cooled, it solidified. To soften the chewing gum, it was reheated before use. ( Ill. Vid. 5/2008 )
Republic of Ireland
Ireland is a country in northwestern Europe. The Republic of Ireland comprises the majority of the island of Ireland, which in 1921 was divided between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom ( Great Britain and Northern Ireland) and makes up about one sixth of the island of Ireland. The capital is Dublin.
TIMELINE:
0.7000 BCE – County Donegal was inhabited. Everywhere in the county there are many archeological memories of the early pre-Christian residents, such as the numerous tombstones everywhere in the county. In the city of Donegal, the ruins of the 15th-century Franciscan monastery of Donegal and the Donegal Castle can be seen.
1919-21 – The Irish War of Independence. The war was fought between Britain and Irish guerrilla units under the IRA from January 1919 to July 1921.
1922 – The Irish Free State is established after the War of Independence and in 1937 was transformed into the Republic of Ireland.
1922 – August 22. During the Irish Civil War, freedom fighter and politician Michael Collins was killed in an ambush in Béal na Bláth, County Cork. He was the leader of the negotiating delegation that negotiated Irish independence through with British rule, but was heavily criticized for having bought into the Irish unit by accepting that Northern Ireland remained British. He was involved in the Easter Uprising that took place in 1916 in Dublin. He founded the IRA – Irish Republican Army in 1918. He planned the murders of the 12 British G-men. Collins was only 31 years old.
1994 – FILM. Braveheart will be recorded in County Wicklow, County Kildare, County Meth, County Dublin. The film is about the great hero William Wallace, played by Mel Gibson, who produced and directed. It won five Oscars, among others. for Best Picture and Best Director for Gibson.
1996 – FILM. The shooting for the feature film ” The Devil’s Own ” takes place i.a. in Clogerhead in County Louth and Dublin. The film is about IRA terrorist Frankie Maguire ( Brad Pitt ) who escapes the civil war in Northern Ireland and seeks refuge in New York. He rents a room from the idealistic policeman Tom O’Meara ( Harrison Ford ) and his family, but it dawns on Tom that his new tenant is a wanted terrorist.
Greenland
Greenland is an autonomous autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, east of Canada’s Arctic islands. The country belongs geographically to the North American continent, while it geopolitically belongs to Europe. Greenland has been both politically and culturally closely linked to Europe (especially Norway and later Denmark ) for more than a millennium. In 2008, the Greenlandic people conducted a referendum for increased self-government, which was adopted with 75% of the vote.
People have lived in Greenland for at least 4,500 years. It was primarily Arctic peoples who immigrated from Canada.
TIMELINE:
1814 – Greenland became a Danish colony, after for several hundred years the sea was ruled by Denmark-Norway, which was dissolved the same year.
1931-33 – Denmark and Norway were in conflict with each other over an uninhabited area in East Greenland, which Norwegian hunters used in the summer. Read more here.
1968 – January 21. A US B-52 bombers carrying nuclear bombs, crashes at Thule in Green-land. Danish workers are helping to clean up.
1988 – July 29. An expedition in Northeast Greenland finds a diary with an unprecedented account from the Mylius-Erichsen expedition in 1906-08.
2003 – November 28. The Supreme Court rules that the Greenlandic Thule residents are not entitled to get their place of residence back. They were forcibly relocated in 1953 to make way for a U.S. military base.
2004 – May 20. The Home Rule Government of Greenland decides to accept an upgrade of the US military base in Thule so that the radar system can be included in the US so-called missile shield.
2004 – August 6. In South Greenland, Greenland, Denmark and the USA sign a revised agreement on the future use of the US military base at Thule. The previous agreement dates from 1951 and was entered into between Denmark and the USA without Greenlandic influence.
