With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation was slowly reintegrated into the international institutions that support the global economic system: in 1992 Russia joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (Wb); in 1997 it was formally accepted into the G8 (only to be excluded with the outbreak of the crisis in Ukraine in November 2013), while in August 2012, after almost eighteen years of…
Read MoreRussian Literature During the 19th Century
Romanticism From the encounter-clash of the various trends that intersect at the beginning of the century, a predominant line emerges, represented by young nobles, lovers of poetry, innovators of the language, open to the spirit of sentimentality and Romanticism, although often anchored to the forms of eighteenth-century classicism ; some are collected in the Arzamas circle, such as V. Žukovskij, an excellent translator and author of very popular ballads; P.…
Read MorePost-Soviet Russia
From the very beginning, Russia had presented itself as the guarantor of the security of the entire former Soviet area, with the exception of the territory of the three Baltic republics, thus assuming heavy political, economic and even military commitments, especially in the points where national conflicts were in progress.. Moscow diplomacy sought, and not without success, to obtain from the West recognition of the particular role claimed, and in…
Read MoreRussia Cinema
In 2003 the film by a young Russian director was awarded the Golden Lion at the 60th Venice Film Festival: Andrej Zvyagincev’s Vozvraščenje (The Return). The beginning of the new millennium therefore began with the recognition, by one of the most prestigious Western film institutions, of the awaited and perhaps definitive rebirth of post-Soviet Russian cinema, or its regeneration, thanks to a new generation of young directors, after a decade of first…
Read MoreRussia During Empress Catherine II
German, born in Szczecin in 1729, Sofia Augusta Federica, called Caterina after the acceptance of the Orthodox religion, at the age of fourteen married the fifteen-year-old Pietro. Lively and restless, she loved hunting parties and read with interest Madame de Sevigné, Montesquieu, Voltaire; therefore one understands her indignation against her foolish, childish and cruel husband, one also understands how from her young years the ideas of religious tolerance, aversion to…
Read MoreEastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. For a long time, the definition has been the countries that were subject to the Warsaw Pact, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the enlargement of the EU, the border has moved further east. Today, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova will typically be characterized as Eastern European countries. The eastern border of Eastern Europe is at the Ural Mountains,…
Read MoreWorld Heritage Sites and Culture in Slovakia
World Heritage Sites (K) and World Natural Heritage (N) original farming village Vlkolínec belonging to Ružomberok (K; 1993) Spis Castle (Spissky Hrad) with the city church plan (Spišské Podhradie) and Zipser chapter (Spišská Kapitula) (K; 1993) Mining town of Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz) (K; 1993) Caves in the Aggtelek and Slovak Karst (N; 1995) Old town of Bardejov (Bartfeld) (K; 2000) Primeval beech forests of the Carpathian Mountains (N; 2007) Wooden…
Read MoreWorld Heritage Sites in Slovenia
World Heritage Sites (N) and World Heritage Sites (K) Škocjan karst caves (N; 1988) Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (K; 2011) Historic sites of mercury extraction: Almadén and Idrija (K; 2012) Old beech forests and primeval beech forests in the Dinaric Mountains (N; 2017) Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (World Heritage) The cross-border world heritage of the 111 selected prehistoric sites in six Alpine countries includes 18 pile-building…
Read MoreUkraine History Timeline
According to ehealthfacts, Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe with an estimated 45,593,300 (2012) residents. The border countries are Russia, Poland, Belarus, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. To the south, it is adjacent to the Black Sea, where the Crimean peninsula is located. In terms of area, Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe after Russia. The capital is Kiev with 2.6 million. residents. Until 1991, Ukraine was a…
Read MoreLatvia History Timeline
According to constructmaterials, the Republic of Latvia is a country in Northern Europe. The country borders the Baltic Sea and is one of the three Baltic countries together with Estonia and Lithuania, which are Latvia’s neighboring countries to the north and south, respectively. To the east, the country borders Russia and Belarus. TIMELINE: 2000 BCE – The first residents of Latvia were nomadic tribes of hunters, fishermen and gatherers who…
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